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Second Law Analysis of Buoyancy Driven Unsteady Channel Flow of Nanofluids with Convective Cooling

Received: 30 March 2015     Accepted: 12 April 2015     Published: 21 April 2015
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Abstract

We investigate the combined effects of buoyancy force and convective cooling on entropy generation in unsteady channel flow of water based nanofluids containing Copper (Cu) and Alumina (Al2O3) as nanoparticles. Both first and second laws of thermodynamics are utilised to analyze the model problem. Using a semi discretization finite difference method together with Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme, the governing partial differential equations are solved numerically. Graphical results on the effects of parameter variation on velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number, entropy generation rate, irreversibility ratio and Bejan number are presented and discussed.

Published in Applied and Computational Mathematics (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12
Page(s) 100-115
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Channel Flow, Nanofluids, Buoyancy Force, Heat Transfer, Entropy Generation, Water, Copper, Alumina

References
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[2] Khalifa A. J. (2001) ‘Natural convective heat transfer coefficient – A review II, Surfaces in two and three dimensional enclosures’, Energy Conversion and Management, 42, 505-517.
[3] Yang, M. H., Yeh, R. H., Hwang, J. J. (2012) ‘Forced convection in a channel with transverse fins’, Int. J. of Num. Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 22, 3, 306 – 322.
[4] Jha, B. K., Ajibade, A. O. (2010) ‘Transient natural convection flow between vertical parallel plates: one plate isothermally heated and the other thermally insulated’, Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 224(4), 247-252.
[5] Lee, A., Timchenko, V., Yeoh, G. H., Reizes, J. A. (2012) ‘Forced Convection in microchannel with synthetic jet: effect of operating frequency’, ASME, 10th Int. Conf. on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, USA.
[6] Choi S.U.S. (1995) ‘Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles’, ASME Fluids Eng Division, 231, 99–105.
[7] Anoop, K.B., Sundararajan, T., Das, S. K. (2009) ‘Effect of particle size on the convective heat transfer in nanofluid in the developing region’, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 52, pp.2189- 2195, (2009).
[8] Khanafer, K., Vafai, K., Lightstone, M. (2003) ‘Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids’, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46, 3639-3653.
[9] Abu-Nada, E. (2008) ‘Application of nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement of separated flow encountered in a backward facing step’, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 29, 242-249.
[10] Mutuku-Njane, W. N., Makinde, O. D. (2014) ‘MHD nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate with convective heating’, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 11(3), 667-675.
[11] Grosan, T., Pop, I. (2012) ‘Fully developed mixed convection in a vertical channel filled by a nanofluid’, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 134, 082501-1.
[12] Bejan, A. (1982) Entropy generation through heat and fluid flow, New York: Wiley.
[13] Bejan, A. (1996) Entropy Generation Minimization, CRC, Boca Raton, NY.
[14] Woods, L. C. (1975) ‘Thermodynamics of Fluid Systems’, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
[15] Makinde, O. D., Aziz, A. (2010) ‘Second law analysis for a variable viscosity plane Poiseuille flow with asymmetric convective cooling’, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 60, 3012–3019.
[16] Makinde, O. D. (2008) ‘Entropy generation analysis for variable-viscosity channel flow with nonuniform wall temperature’, Appl. Energy, 85 (5), 384-393.
[17] Shahi, M., Mahmoudi, A. H., Honarbakhsh, R. A. (2011) ‘Entropy generation due to natural convection cooling of a nanofluid’, Int Commun Heat Mass Transfer, 38, 972–83.
[18] Mahmoudi, A. H., Shahi, M., Talebi, F. (2012) ‘Entropy generation due to natural convection in a partially open cavity with a thin heat source subjected to a nanofluid’, Numer Heat Transfer A, 61, 283–305.
[19] Makinde, O. D., Khan, W. A., Aziz, A. (2013) ‘On inherent irreversibility in Sakiadis flow of nanofluids’, International Journal of Exergy, 13(2), 159-174.
[20] Mkwizu, M.H., Makinde, O.D. (2015) ‘Entropy generation in a variable viscosity channel flow of nanofluids with convective cooling’, Comptes Rendus Mecanique 343 38-56.
[21] Maxwell, J. C. (1904) ‘A treatise on electricity and magnetism’, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 435–41.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Michael Hamza Mkwizu, Oluwole Daniel Makinde, Yaw Nkansah-Gyekye. (2015). Second Law Analysis of Buoyancy Driven Unsteady Channel Flow of Nanofluids with Convective Cooling. Applied and Computational Mathematics, 4(3), 100-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12

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    ACS Style

    Michael Hamza Mkwizu; Oluwole Daniel Makinde; Yaw Nkansah-Gyekye. Second Law Analysis of Buoyancy Driven Unsteady Channel Flow of Nanofluids with Convective Cooling. Appl. Comput. Math. 2015, 4(3), 100-115. doi: 10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12

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    AMA Style

    Michael Hamza Mkwizu, Oluwole Daniel Makinde, Yaw Nkansah-Gyekye. Second Law Analysis of Buoyancy Driven Unsteady Channel Flow of Nanofluids with Convective Cooling. Appl Comput Math. 2015;4(3):100-115. doi: 10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12,
      author = {Michael Hamza Mkwizu and Oluwole Daniel Makinde and Yaw Nkansah-Gyekye},
      title = {Second Law Analysis of Buoyancy Driven Unsteady Channel Flow of Nanofluids with Convective Cooling},
      journal = {Applied and Computational Mathematics},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {100-115},
      doi = {10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.acm.20150403.12},
      abstract = {We investigate the combined effects of buoyancy force and convective cooling on entropy generation in unsteady channel flow of water based nanofluids containing Copper (Cu) and Alumina (Al2O3) as nanoparticles. Both first and second laws of thermodynamics are utilised to analyze the model problem. Using a semi discretization finite difference method together with Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme, the governing partial differential equations are solved numerically. Graphical results on the effects of parameter variation on velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number, entropy generation rate, irreversibility ratio and Bejan number are presented and discussed.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Second Law Analysis of Buoyancy Driven Unsteady Channel Flow of Nanofluids with Convective Cooling
    AU  - Michael Hamza Mkwizu
    AU  - Oluwole Daniel Makinde
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12
    T2  - Applied and Computational Mathematics
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    JO  - Applied and Computational Mathematics
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.acm.20150403.12
    AB  - We investigate the combined effects of buoyancy force and convective cooling on entropy generation in unsteady channel flow of water based nanofluids containing Copper (Cu) and Alumina (Al2O3) as nanoparticles. Both first and second laws of thermodynamics are utilised to analyze the model problem. Using a semi discretization finite difference method together with Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme, the governing partial differential equations are solved numerically. Graphical results on the effects of parameter variation on velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt number, entropy generation rate, irreversibility ratio and Bejan number are presented and discussed.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania

  • Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University, Saldanha, South Africa

  • School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, (NM-AIST), Arusha, Tanzania

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